Constitution of Ghana (1992)

The fourth republic charter that has held longer than all previous republics combined.

Overview

Approved by referendum in April 1992, Ghanas Constitution returned the country to multiparty rule after a decade under the PNDC. It established a unitary presidential republic with a unicameral parliament, entrenched rights, independent governance commissions including electoral and human rights bodies, and a Council of State advisory chamber. Jerry Rawlings, who led the transition from military rule, won the first elections under it. It has survived multiple peaceful transfers of power, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2024, making Ghana a reference case of democratic consolidation on a constitution born of transition bargaining.