Current

Drafted in Philadelphia in 1787, ratified by the states in 1788, and operating since 1789, the US Constitution establishes a feder...

Drafted during the American occupation after World War II, the Japanese Constitution was promulgated in November 1946 and took eff...

Drafted by a Parliamentary Council in 1948 and 1949 under Allied supervision, the Basic Law was intended as a temporary framework ...

Drafted by a Constituent Assembly over nearly three years chaired by B. R. Ambedkar, the Indian Constitution came into force on Ja...

Negotiated as apartheid ended and signed by Nelson Mandela in December 1996, entering force in February 1997, the South African Co...

Approved by referendum in September 1958 under Charles de Gaulle, the Fifth Republic Constitution was crafted to cure the revolvin...

Canadas constitution remained a British statute until the Constitution Act 1982 patriated it, ending the need for Westminster appr...

Promulgated in February 1917 at Queretaro after the Mexican Revolution, the Constitution of Mexico was the first in the world to i...

Adopted in October 1988 after a broadly participatory constituent congress, the current Brazilian Constitution is nicknamed the ci...

Adopted by the Constituent Assembly in December 1947 after a referendum abolished the monarchy, the Italian Constitution came into...

Ratified by referendum in December 1978 with about 88 percent approval, the Spanish Constitution was crafted by representatives of...

One of four fundamental laws that make up the Swedish constitution, the 1974 Instrument of Government completed the long shift of ...

Signed at Eidsvoll on May 17, 1814, during the upheaval of the Napoleonic Wars, the Norwegian Constitution declared independence f...

Approved by a narrow referendum in May 1997, the Polish Constitution replaced the heavily amended communist era text and the provi...

Adopted by referendum in December 1993 following President Yeltsins dissolution of parliament and the armed standoff that autumn, ...

Drafted under Eamon de Valera and adopted by referendum in July 1937, the Irish Constitution came into force in December of that y...

The current Chinese Constitution, adopted in December 1982, is the fourth of the Peoples Republic after 1954, 1975, and 1978. It e...

South Koreas ninth constitution since 1948, adopted in October 1987 after massive June democracy demonstrations, restored direct p...

Drafted in the rush toward independence proclaimed in August 1945, the Indonesian Constitution is short and once concentrated powe...

Ratified by referendum in February 1987 after the People Power Revolution toppled the Marcos dictatorship, the current Philippine ...

Passed in April 2011 by the Fidesz two thirds majority and effective January 2012, the Fundamental Law replaced the amended 1949 t...

Enacted by the British Parliament in July 1900 and effective January 1, 1901, the Australian Constitution federated six colonies i...

Adopted August 15, 1975 at independence from Australia, the Papua New Guinea Constitution is notable for embedding Melanesian valu...

Decreed in September 2013 after an earlier draft was scrapped, Fijis current constitution abolished communal electoral rolls, esta...

Approved by referendum in December 1979 after the revolution, and revised in 1989, the Iranian Constitution fuses republican insti...

Issued by royal decree in March 1992, the Basic Law of Governance is not a constitution in the popular sovereignty sense, since th...

Approved by referendum in January 2014 after the removal of President Morsi, Egypts constitution extended presidential terms to fo...

Ratified by referendum in October 2005, the Iraqi Constitution created a federal parliamentary system with a semi autonomous Kurdi...

Promulgated May 23, 1926 under the French mandate, the Lebanese Constitution established a parliamentary republic, but its lived c...

Adopted by referendum in November 1982 under the military junta after the 1980 coup, the Turkish Constitution vested strong powers...

Israel has no single entrenched constitution, the 1948 declaration of independence notwithstanding, a compromise between religious...

Promulgated by decree in May 1999 as the military transferred power, the Nigerian Constitution established a US style federal pres...

Overwhelmingly approved by referendum in August 2010 after the violent 2007 2008 election crisis, the Kenyan Constitution replaced...

Effective 1995, the Ethiopian Constitution organizes the federation along ethno linguistic lines, with states defined by nations, ...

Approved by referendum in April 1992, Ghanas Constitution returned the country to multiparty rule after a decade under the PNDC. I...

Adopted in April 1977 through a merger of the ruling parties of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the Tanzanian Constitution is at its core...

Adopted in 1847 by the settler republic founded by freed African Americans, the Liberian Constitution consciously mirrored the Ame...

Promulgated in May 1853 and organized around Juan Bautista Alberdis blueprint that governing is populating, the Argentine Constitu...

Approved by contested referendum under the military government in September 1980, the Chilean Constitution created a strongly pres...

Declared by a constituent assembly elected after a student backed seventh ballot movement, the 1991 Constitution replaced the 1886...

Approved by referendum in October 1993 after the 1992 autogolpe dissolved congress and the 1979 constitution with it, the Peruvian...

Drafted by an assembly dominated by supporters of Hugo Chavez after his 1998 election and approved by referendum in December 1999,...

Approved by referendum in February 2019 with 86 percent support, the Cuban Constitution replaced the 1976 text. It recognizes priv...

Adopted December 25, 1947 and effective a year later, the ROC Constitution created a five power government with an executive, legi...

Enacted for independence August 31, 1957 and recast for Malaysia in 1963, the Malaysian Constitution is supreme law establishing a...

Singapore inherited a constitutional order through the State of Singapore Act and independence on August 9, 1965, consolidating in...

Adopted April 10, 1973 by a consensus of parties under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistans current constitution created a federal parli...

Adopted November 4, 1972, barely a year after independence, the Bangladesh Constitution set four founding principles, nationalism,...

Promulgated September 20, 2015 by the second constituent assembly, the Nepali Constitution completed a transformation begun in 200...

Effective February 12, 1992 after the peaceful 1990 revolution, the Mongolian Constitution created a semi presidential republic wi...

Approved by referendum in August 2016 and in force April 2017 after the 2014 coup, the twentieth Thai Constitution creates a mixed...

Adopted August 31, 1978 under J. R. Jayewardene, the Sri Lankan Constitution replaced Westminster parliamentarism with a directly ...

Adopted April 15, 1992 and amended in 2001 and 2013, the Vietnamese Constitution anchors the socialist republic under the absolute...

Approved by referendum in May 2008 in the chaos of Cyclone Nargis, the Myanmar Constitution created a military guaranteed order, r...

Kyrgyzstan adopted its independence constitution in 1993 and has amended or replaced it repeatedly, including wholly new texts in ...

In force since January 8, 1952, the Jordanian Constitution creates a hereditary monarchy with a bicameral parliament, an appointed...

Adopted December 2, 1971 at the union of six emirates, joined by Ras Al Khaimah in 1972, the UAE Constitution establishes a federa...

Promulgated November 11, 1962, Kuwaits constitution creates a constitutional monarchy with an elected National Assembly of fifty m...

Drafted by a committee under president Kais Saied and approved by referendum July 25, 2022 on about 30 percent turnout, the Tunisi...

Adopted by referendum July 1, 2011 after February 20 protests, the Moroccan Constitution responded to the Arab Spring with anticip...

Approved by referendum November 1, 2020 amid the hirak protest aftermath and low turnout around 23 percent, the Algerian Constitut...

San Marinos constitutional order is customarily traced to the Statutes of 1600, six books of law, which with the 1909 declaration ...

Adopted by referendum and effective June 17, 1944, the Icelandic Constitution took the 1874 Danish granted text with 1920 amendmen...

Signed June 5, 1849 by Frederick VII, the Danish Constitution ended absolute monarchy, which had run since 1660, and created a con...

Finlands Act of Form of Government of July 17, 1919 established the republic after independence from Russia in 1917 and civil war ...

The Kingdoms constitution dates from 1815 under William I, a bargain uniting northern and southern Netherlands. The 1848 revision ...

Adopted February 7, 1831, the Belgian Constitution was among the most liberal of its century, enumerating freedoms of press, assoc...

The Swiss Constitution of 1874 revised the 1848 founding text, deepening the federal state and opening the legislative referendum ...

Adopted December 16, 1992 in advance of the January 1, 1993 dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Constitution created a parlia...

Adopted by referendum December 8, 1991 after the December 1989 revolution, the Romanian Constitution created a semi presidential r...

Adopted June 28, 1996 after prolonged deadlock, the Ukrainian Constitution established a presidency parliament hybrid, refined by ...

Adopted October 1, 1920 under Hans Kelsen decisive drafting, the Austrian Constitution created a parliamentary republic and the wo...

Approved by parliament June 7, 1975 after the colonels fall in 1974, the Greek Constitution consolidated a parliamentary republic ...

Approved by an elected Constituent Assembly on April 2, 1976 and in force from April 25, the second anniversary of the Carnation R...

Approved by referendum on June 28, 1992, less than a year after Estonia restored its independence from the Soviet Union, the const...

Approved by referendum in January 2009 and promulgated in February by President Evo Morales, the first indigenous president of the...

Drafted by a Constituent Assembly meeting in Montecristi and approved by referendum in September 2008 during the presidency of Raf...

After the disputed 2008 elections, the Global Political Agreement between Robert Mugabes ZANU PF and the opposition Movement for D...

New Zealand has no single constitutional document. Its core framework is the Constitution Act 1986, which replaced the British sta...